History/1730
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World History Timeline - 1730
Beginning in 1733, the War of the Polish Succession pits France against the Holy Roman Empire and Russia.
Georgia, the last of the 13 colonies, is founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe, English general and philanthropist, as a debtors' asylum.
John Hadley invents the reflecting quadrant, which will aid sailors by allowing them to determine latitude at any time, day or night.
Benjamin Franklin founds the first circulating library in North America.
Lord Charles Townshend, an experimenter in agricultural methods, devises the rotational system for crops and is dubbed Turnip Townshend. The system will greatly increase the productivity of land and assist England in feeding its burgeoning population.
In a Pragmatic Sanction, the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI, decrees that his daughter, Maria Theresa, will inherit his throne if he has no surviving sons. Although other European countries agree to safeguard Maria's claim, they will ultimately repudiate her claim to the throne and plunge Europe into war.
Benjamin Franklin begins to publish his agricultural handbook Poor Richard's Almanack; to improve circulation, he will work in his capacity of deputy postmaster general to ameliorate the colonial postal system and will effect a communications revolution.
John Kay invents the fly shuttle, which will pave the way for larger and faster looms and cut labor costs in half.
Essay on Man is penned by Alexander Pope, including the words, "Hope springs eternal in the human breast."
A dire famine in Japan forces nearly 3 million people to starve to death.
Voltaire's Letters Concerning the English Nation in 1734 exhibits the admiration of English liberalism and general Anglophilia that will be among the defining characteristics of the French Enlightenment.
The Persian army sacks Delhi, capital of the Mughal Empire, effectively breaking the power of this 200-year-old power; the Indian subcontinent descends into political chaos, which European states will take advantage of in order to gain domination.
The War of Jenkins's Ear begins when Shipmaster Robert Jenkins described the amputation of his ear by the Spanish to the British House of Commons, prompting a war.
An earthquake in Calcutta kills 300,000.
In 1739, Slaves in North Carolina rise up in the Cato Conspiracy, which is soon quelled.
John Peter Zenger is acquitted in a libel suit brought by New York Governor William Cosby, advancing freedom of the press in the British colonies in North America.
Botulism makes its first appearance in Europe; the deadly bacteria is traced to a batch of sausage.
Parliament repeals Britain's witchcraft statutes.
John Harrison's marine chronometer enables navigators to calculate longitude accurately, improving sea travel.
Benjamin Franklin creates the first municipal police force in Philadelphia.
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