History/1620
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World History Timeline - 1620
A 19-year religious conflict begins in Switzerland when the Spanish initiate hostilities against the holdings of the Grisons League.
The Mayflower, carrying 100 pilgrims, arrives off the North American coast at Plymouth, where the settlers form an alternative form of government based on the Mayflower Compact, marking the first immigration motivated by religion. However, the communal standard for living gives way to individual proprietorship of land to incite a work ethic.
England's Sir Francis Bacon proposes that scientific reasoning come from inductive rather than the classical method of deductive reasoning, leading to the formation of the fundamental principles of the scientific method.
London's first newspaper, entitled Corante, begins in 1621.
French artist Nicolas Poussin paints Rape of the Sabine Women, and Italian Lorenzo Bernini sculpts Rape of Prospero.
The idiot Mustafa is restored by the Janissaries to the Ottoman throne after Osman II's secret attempt to raise an army to combat their degeneracy is discovered.
Violence between North American colonists and the natives continues as an attack on a Virginian settlement results in the death of 347 colonists.
English architect Inigo Jones completes work on London's Banqueting House and will soon finish the Covent Garden Church.
The first folio of English playwright William Shakespeare is published in London by former members of his theatrical company.
Cardinal Richelieu is named chief minister to the French king, Louis XIII; from this office he continues to dominate the government.
Spanish decadence yields to austerity as Philip IV responds to criticism by reducing his serving staff and banning the wearing of the ruff.
Metaphysical poet John Donne of England publishes Devotions upon Emergent Occasions, which includes his famous statement, "No man is an island."
The Louvre Palace in Paris is renovated for Louis XIII, but will be enriched by many structural additions in the coming centuries.
James I of England dies and is succeeded by his son, Charles I.
The science of international law begins with the publication of De Jure Belli et Pacis by Hugo Grotius.
Dutch colonists purchase Manhattan Island from the Wappinger Confederacy for 60 guilders, which is equivalent to several thousand dollars in today's currency.
The island of Madagascar is settled by the French, who attempt to expel the native Africans.
Sir Francis Bacon of England catches pneumonia and dies while attempting to freeze chickens by stuffing them with snow.
Control of the Mogul Empire in India passes from Jahangir to his son Shah Jahan, who kills other possible contenders for the throne.
English colonists begin to populate Barbados when the Dutch ship the William and John docks in the West Indies.
The first German opera, Dafne, is composed by Heinrich Schutz, with libretto by Martin Opitz.
Louis XIII of France entrusts the planning of a magnificent chateau at Versailles to architect Jacques Lemercier, who also constructed additions to the Louvre in Paris.
Englishman John Endicott founds Salem on Massachusetts Bay and becomes the first governor of that colony.
English doctor William Harvey, in his Essay on the Motion of the Heart and the Blood, proposes that the heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.
The Persian Shah Abbas dies and is succeeded by his 13-year-old grandson, who executes many of his grandfather's counselors, generals, and potential heirs.
English monarch Charles I dissolves the House of Commons and imprisons several of its members after encountering difficulties obtaining money for royal finances.
Participation in Japan's Kabuki theater is restricted to men, who proceed to go to extreme lengths to appear like women when playing the female roles.
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