History/1560
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World History Timeline - 1560
Religious civil war begins in France when Francois, the duc of Guise, orders the killing of Huguenots, French Protestants, who take revenge by murdering priests and nuns.
English participation in the slave trade begins when John Hawkins hijacks a slave ship and trades his captives in Hispaniola; despite an expressed empathy for slaves, Queen Elizabeth condones the trade.
France's Francois II dies and is succeeded by his 10-year-old brother, Charles IX.
John Calvin's followers publish the Geneva Bible, which contains chapter and verse numbers.
A final devastation of the sweating sickness sweeps London, England, killing more than a quarter of the population.
Rice riots in Japan occur after the imposition of heavy taxes.
The great Italian artist Michelangelo dies in Rome.
The Anglican Church is established in England.
The Aztec population in New Spain is devastated by an outbreak of a new disease.
Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I dies and is succeeded by his son, Maximilian II.
The Hindu Empire is conquered by Muslim armies in the Battle of Talikota.
Sir Thomas Gresham of England founds the London Royal Exchange.
Tobacco is introduced into England from Florida by John Hawkins.
The great leader of the Ottoman Empire, Sulieman the Magnificent, dies; the empire is inherited by a lackluster son, Selim II.
Flemish Renaissance painter Pieter Brueghel paints The Wedding Banquet, and The Conversion of Saul.
Mary Queen of Scots is kidnapped and forced to marry James Hepburn after her husband is found murdered; Scottish nobleman are enraged and force her to abdicate to her son, James VI.
Gerardus Mercator develops the Mercator projection map, which represents the world in terms of latitude and longitude in two dimensions, greatly simplifying navigation.
The Portuguese overrun the previously established French colony and found Rio de Janeiro; French colonists in Brazil are killed by the Portuguese.
English chronicler Richard Grafton records the rhyme Thirty days have September/ April, June and November/ All the rest have thirty one/ Excepting February alone/ And that has twenty eight days clear/ And twenty nine in each leap year.
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