History/1520
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World History Timeline - 1520
War breaks out between France and Spain over the Navarre territory in the south of France.
Denmark's Christian II invades Sweden and is accepted as king after winning a bloody victory over rebels in the Battle of Uppsala.
Two young and rigorous monarchs, Francois I and England's Henry VIII, engage in a lavish summit called the Field of the Cloth of Gold outside of Calais that leaves the French treasury depleted for a decade.
Spanish adventurer Hernando Cortez conquers the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, after a battle with Emperor Montezuma II; the great empire is soon ravaged by European intrusion and disease.
Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan discovers the Philippines during the first global circumnavigation but is killed in a battle with natives; the voyage's 19 survivors return to Spain with cargo from the Spice Islands that more than compensates for the cost of the expedition.
Christian II of Denmark is deposed after ruling viciously for 10 years and is succeeded by Frederick I.
Spanish Conquistadors found San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Monks are burned alive for following the teachings of religious reformer Martin Luther.
Guilio de'Medici succeeds Adrian VI as pope and takes the name Clement VII, beginning the line of Italian popes that lasts until 1978.
Turkeys get their name when the English confuse the fowl from New Spain with a bird sold by Turkish merchants.
Manhattan is discovered by Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazano, who explored the North American coast.
The Italian painter Correggio completes The Ascension of Christ.
Francois I of France is forced by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V to sign the Treaty of Madrid after being held prisoner for a year, in which he yields Burgundy and Italy; upon his release, he recants.
The Inca civilization of Peru, a complex and communally oriented society that functions without a written language, is divided between King Huayana Capac's sons.
Henry VIII of England asks Pope Clement VII for permission to divorce first wife Catherine of Aragon; upon denial of his request, he replaces his chancellor, Cardinal Wolsey, with Thomas More.
England's Henry VIII and France's Francois I become allies against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, one of the most powerful leaders on the Continent.
Pope Clement VII is taken prisoner when Rome is raided by Spanish and German mercenaries.
Renaissance artist Hans Holbein paints Nicholas Kratzer and The Artist's Family, and Martin Luther writes the hymns Away in a Manger and A Mighty Fortress Is Our God.
Oranges from the Far East are first brought to Europe by Portuguese merchants.
England begins to trade with Russia.
Spain is introduced to such foods as papayas, chocolate, tomatoes, and vanilla by conquistadors fresh from exploring in New Spain.
The term Protestantism is born as Martin Luther's followers protest a decree favoring the teaching of Catholicism in Lutheran states while forbidding Lutheran teachings in Catholic states.
The Mogul Empire of India is formed when Zahir-ud-din Babar conquers the sultan of Delhi.
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