History/1370
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World History Timeline - 1370
The Hanseatic League attains the height of its power by 1370, when the league achieves a monopoly on trade in the Baltic Sea (which will last for 70 years) and considerable control over Scandinavia's politics. The Hanseatic League standardizes weights, measures, and coinage; provides for the settlement of disputes; obtains trading privileges for its members; protects merchants; opens up new trade lines; and creates a book to help sailors find lighthouses, harbors, and buoys.
In 1371, Ottoman sultan Murad I forces the rulers of Bulgaria, Macedonia, and the Byzantine Empire to recognize his suzerainty.
The Vatican asks an astronomer to correct the Julian calendar, which has been 11 minutes and 15 seconds too long each year since its creation in 46 B.C. The astronomer dies before the calendar is reformed.
The Kingdom of Armenia, which was founded in 94 B.C. by Tigranes I, comes to an end in 1375 when the Armenian King surrenders to the governor of Aleppo, who has led a large army of Mamluks against the Kingdom.
In 1378, the Great Schism begins in the western Church as two men, Popes Urban VI and Clement VII, create competing papacies in Rome and Avignon, respectively. It will last until 1417.
Guillaume Tirel writes Le Viander de Taillevent, an account of France's cuisine.
John Wycliffe articulates the doctrine of dominion as founded in grace, which holds that all authority comes from God and is lost when the possessor commits mortal sin. Wycliffe attacks the medieval Church for its worldliness, arguing that England should not pay the see of Rome certain tributes.
King Edward III of England dies in 1377. His grandson, now 10, will succeed him and will reign until 1399 as Richard II.
The Babylonian Captivity ends in 1377 when Pope Gregory XI returns the papacy to Rome.
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