History/1200
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World History Timeline - 1200
King Philip II of France confiscates the French fiefs of the English King, John I, in 1202 and gives them to John's nephew, Arthur. John's army defeats French forces at Mirabeau, and Arthur is murdered after disappearing at Rouen.
In 1202, people who have gathered at Venice at the behest of Pope Innocent III for the Fourth Crusade cannot raise 85,000 marks to pay the Venetians who will transport them. In lieu of money payment, the Venetian doge orders Crusaders to attack the city of Zara.
Europe begin to learn about Arabic numerals and the zero from the Liber Abaci, written by the Italian Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202.
In 1202, Pope Innocent III excommunicates the Crusaders who sacked Zara.
Jesters begin to appear in European courts.
By 1203, a brewing industry develops at Hamburg and in the Lowlands when barley malt from the Baltic territories becomes more readily available.
On April 12, 1204, Crusaders savagely attack the city of Constantinople. Emperor Alexius V Ducas flees, a Latin empire is established in the city, and the East/West schism of 1054 is made final.
Students from Bologna found the famous medical school at Montpellier in 1208.
In 1208, one of the bloodiest episodes of medieval history begins when Pope Innocent III calls for the Albigensian Crusade against the dualist Cathar heretics, focused in the Albi region in southern France. The city of Carcassonne surrenders to the Crusaders, led by Simon de Montfort.
Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV is crowned by Pope Innocent III at Rome after promising not to claim dominion over Sicily in 1209.
The Franciscan order begins when Giovanni Francesco Bernardone (later St. Francis) obtains approval for a rule from Pope Innocent III.
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