History/1190
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World History Timeline - 1190
In 1190, the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, drowns in the Calycadnus River in Cilicia. His son is crowned the following year as Henry VI, and the Third Crusade is left without a clear leader.
Aei-sai, a priest who has recently returned from a trip to China, introduces Zen Buddhism to Japan.
In 1192, treacherous guides lead the pilgrims of the Third Crusade into the desert, where famine, plague, and desertions decimate the population. England's King, Richard I Lionheart, makes a truce with Saladin and is captured on the journey home.
Leopold of Austria surrenders King Richard I of England to Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in 1193. Henry is angry about the help the Plantagenets have given to his rival, Henry the Lion. He demands 130,000 marks as ransom.
The Aztecs invade Chichimec territory in 1193 and conquer the native peoples.
In 1193, licensed prostitution begins in Japan.
The first installment of the King's ransom is paid to Holy Roman Emperor Henry VIin 1194, and Richard I of England returns home. England's resources have been strained terribly to raise the money to ransom the King.
Ninety-one years of Norman rule in Italy end in 1194 when Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI takes control of Sicily and southern Italy.
China's Yellow River flows south from the Shandong massif after numerous alterations of its streambed. The river will retain the course it has achieved until the mid-19th century.
In 1195, Alexius dethrones his brother, the Byzantine Emperor, Isaac II Angelus, ultimately putting out his eyes and taking him prisoner. The troops proclaim Alexius Emperor, and he reigns as Alexius III Angelus.
Germans planning for a new Crusade establish The Order of the Knights of the Hospital of St. Mary of the Teutons in Jerusalem (Teutonic Knights) in 1198. Only Germans may be members, and knighthood is reserved for nobles.
In 1199, Richard I Lionheart of England is killed during a dispute over a treasure trove in France. Richard's brother, John I, becomes King of England.
Venice is the commercial capital of Europe. The city is blessed with a strategic geographic location that enables Venetians to easily trade in the East, the Mediterranean basin, and central Europe.
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