History/1050
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World History Timeline - 1050
Byzantine Empress Zoë dies, leaving the throne to her sister Theodora and her husband Constantine IX, who weakened the empire through irresponsible spending .
The Monastery of the Caves (Pecherskii Lavra), the chief monastic center of Kievan Christianity, is founded by St. Antony.
Robert Guiscard's forces defeat the armies backed by Pope Leo IX at Civitate. Robert wrests Benevento from the Byzantine Empire and establishes the Norman Empire that will dominate southern Italy until 1194.
Malcolm Canmore, son of Duncan, beats Macbeth, ruler of Scotland, at Dunsinane.
The Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches enter into a schism when mutual anathemas are exchanged at Constantinople between Cardinal Humbert of Lorraine, representing the papacy, and Patriarch Michael Cerularius. The schism is never healed.
A minor star in the constellation of Taurus explodes in a supernova that can be seen for 23 days and 633 nights. The irregular gas cloud the supernova creates is referred to as the Crab Nebula.
Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX dies, leaving his sister-in-law, Theodora, to rule alone.
The Seljuk Turks, led by Toghril-Beg, enter Baghdad to liberate the Abbasid caliphate from Shiite Muslims. Toghril-Beg returns the power to Sunnite Muslims and sets himself up as temporal master of the caliphate.
Byzantine Empress Theodora dies, ending a Macedonian Dynasty that began with Justinian the Great in 527.
Byzantine Emperor Isaac I Comnenus founds the Comnenus Dynasty, which will rule the Byzantine Empire until 1185.
Malcolm Canmore murders Macbeth, who is succeeded by his stepson Lulach.
Byzantine Emperor Isaac I Comnenus abdicates in favor of Constantine X, a financial officer who antagonizes the army by giving more authority to the civil service, the church, and scholars.
The Treaty of Melfi unites the papacy and Robert Guiscard, who promises to be faithful to the Roman Church. Robert is recognized as duke of Apulia and Sicily.
Pope Nicholas II decrees that cardinals alone will elect popes.
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